In conclusion, gene therapy is a method used to fix genes responsible for the development of diseases. Gene therapy promises to help diseased tissues and organs work properly by adding a corrected copy of a defective gene. This kind of complete success is unlikely in the beginning stages of human gene therapy. Gene therapy could eventually target the correction of ge. We are beginning to see some successes, but it has. Interest in the ability to exploit recombinant adenoassociated virus vectors for gene therapy has encouraged investigation into the unique biology of this virus. Some people think that we will get burnt trying to play god while others think this is a. Pros and cons of genetic engineering benefits and risks. Nov 26, 2017 advantages and disadvantages of gene therapy november 26, 2017, 7.
Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for lebers con. They express that although there is the possibility for disease treatments, there is also a chance for new diseases to affect a person who uses gene therapy. The experimental nature of these therapies means that the costs can be high to have them performed and many health insurance policies will not cover it because of the potential of failure. Ipos, their pros, cons, and the ipo process four ways an ipo can hurt or help your business. An example of gene technology used for good golden rice bibliography in many countries around the world where there is poverty and a varied and healthy diet is not possible, people children in particular suffer from dietary micro nutrient deficiencies because theyre low on. The pros and cons of new study designs and novel outcome. After obtaining information and views from different perspectives, i can conclude that gene therapy has the potential to cure diseases such as cystic fibrosis and parkinsons disease, however, it cannot be proven now to be an effective treatment. Gene therapy pros and cons can be quite decisive on whether or not we should embrace gene therapy. The first attempt, an unsuccessful one, at gene therapy as well as the first case of medical transfer of foreign genes into humans not counting organ transplantation was performed by martin cline on 10 july 1980. The most potent use of the new gene editing technique crispr is also the most controversial. How can we comfortably merge our desire for scientific advances with our respect for human life and diversity.
Genetic disorders can be due to misalignment, missing genes or excess of a gene. People must always try to be responsible with their new technology, but gene therapy has the potential to be the future of medicine and its possibilities must be explored. Recent advancements seen in gene editing have not only introduced a number of exciting possibilities for human advancement but raised difficult ethical questions about building a designer humans. Possible cons of somatic gene therapy include temporary effects and complications during gene delivery.
We are constantly attacked by newer, more dangerous types of germs. Essay on gene therapy and its effect on cancer 3614. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In somatic cell therapy, the somatic cells are targeted for gene replacement, whereas in the reproductive cell therapy, the defective gene lies in the reproductive cells that are replaced by the correct gene. It is still an experimental science, and many people do not understand it. Januarys issue of human gene therapy offers some intriguing commentary on the issue of informed consent in gene transfer trials. Research into gene therapy has been ongoing for decades now, and there is light at the end of the tunnel as gene therapy is associated with the following advantages.
Gene therapy for stargardt disease associated with abca4 gene. Cells, tissue, or even whole individuals when germline cell therapy becomes available modified by gene therapy are considered to be transgenic or genetically modified. Other pros of somatic gene therapy include safety in comparison with germ line gene therapy and the potentially lifechanging health benefits in the patient. This therapy adds dna containing a functional version of the lost gene back into the cell. The most important factor in the development of gene therapy is the fact that, for genetic disorders, there is only one way of curing the disease replacing the defective gene with a healthy copy and therefore gene therapy.
Gene therapy provides hope for those who may not have had any in the past. Genetic technology poses risks along with its rewards, just as any technology has in the past. A number of value frameworks have been proposed in the usa, combining descriptions of the elements of value with an algorithm for how. Jul 22, 2012 there is always something good in a bad person and something bad in a good person as shown from the yinyang symbol. The most important factor in the development of gene therapy is the fact that, for genetic disorders, there is only one way of curing the disease replacing the defective gene with a healthy copy and therefore gene therapy is the only hope of finding cures for such disorders 2. This process also provides a normal life for individuals that receive the therapy instead of living out their life in constant agony and discomfort. Gene therapy as a treatment for cancer is regarded as high in promise, but low in delivery, a deficiency that has become more obvious with everincreasing reports of the successful correction of monogenic disorders by this approach. People every day are born with birth defects that affect their genetic makeup. The surgeon injects the dosage of vector right into the vitreous. Gene therapy otherwise known as somatic gene therapy or therapeutic gene therapy is a process that is used to correct defective genes responsible for development of various diseases.
Pros cons sites researched gene therapy for some people is their only chance for living. A topic, where much of the ethical concern within gene therapy has pooled, is the in utero use of gene therapy. Replicates protein people in favor of gene therapy posit that gene therapy is a great way to replace abnormal protein the body. Here are some additional pros and cons of gene therapy to think. Somatic cells involves targeting somatic cells for gene replacement, while reproductive cell therapy involves replacing defective genes in reproductive cells with. What are the pros and cons of using gene therapy for hiv. The most important factor in the development of gene therapy is the fact that, for genetic disorders, there is only one way of curing the disease replacing the defective gene with a healthy copy and therefore gene therapy is the only hope of finding cures for such disorders. The absence of islets leads to insulin deficiencies and resultant hyperglycemia. Gene therapy international journal of pharma sciences and research. Ethical as well as legal issues are concerns when discussing gene therapy. If gene therapy targets the reproductive cells of carriers of such genetic disorders as parkinsons disease shown in both photos it is possible that any future generations the carrier goes on to would be free of the defective gene. About 3% of american children are born with a genetic condition which requires gene therapy as a way to treat the issue. Somatic cells involves targeting somatic cells for gene replacement, while reproductive cell therapy.
Some people think that we will get burnt trying to play god while others think this is a great advancement for man kind. In t1d, islets are the target for autoreactive t cell destruction. May be the therapeutic genes which are inserted in the body not accepted by the immune system and viral vectors are not useful because they can trigger their pathogenic features in the body. Conversely, plants can also benefit from gene therapy since it can be used to cure plant diseases and reduce the possibility of destruction of crops. Get the latest news and information on genetic engineering and biotechnology including analysis, features, webinars, podcasts, and more. A brief overview of the genetic revolution sanjukta misra abstract advances in biotechnology have brought gene therapy to the forefront of medical research. The article below looks at the gene therapy and pros and cons of this technology. This biologywise writeup discusses why this topic is such a hotly debated one. Gene therapy involves supplying a healthy, working gene to cells that either do not work properly, or do not work at all. Genetic engineering means we might be able to live longer, have healthier children, and eradicate diseases. The question was if gene therapy could cure genetic diseases. Gene therapy has been associated with several problems over the last few decades. Gene therapy treatment pros and cons gene therapy can be categorized in to two different typessomatic cell therapy and reproductive cell also referred to as germline therapy. This may create diseases that affect their quality of life, including shortening their expected life span.
One of the main issues is the lack of knowledge about the longterm effects of the therapy and the field is. Gene therapy research papers are written for biology or science courses that focus on the pro and cons of gene therapy and the new research on the scientific advantages and disadvantages of various. Gene therapy see lecture objectives on web read pages 3127 chapter in text germline vs. Science has the potential to fix problems in humans by means of gene therapy. Gene therapy is unethical due to excessive cost, a high mortality rate, the risk of changing the human gene pool, and the chance that the immune system may attack the new cells, which may attack vital organs. The pros and cons of gene therapy still require a lot of soul searching, even though we are 30 years and counting into this field of research. Gene therapy, on the other hand, causes more human ethical issues. Gene therapy was conceptualized in 1972, by authors who urged caution before commencing human gene therapy studies. Potential, pros, cons and ethics article in online journal of health and allied sciences 12 april 2002 with 158 reads how we measure reads. Both of these are ex vivo gene therapy treatments, in which a. Gene editing pros and cons advantages and disadvantages.
The pros and cons of gene therapy have scientists, religious figures, and even common man divided on its. This is a new research area, and much research projects are still in the infancy or trial stages. The main benefit of intravitreal delivery is that its technically easier to do. Somatic cell gene therapy is when therapeutic genes are.
Pdf on sep 30, 2018, azam yazdani and others published gene therapy. This therapy can be broadly classified into two types. Genetics allows the elucidation of gene function through the analysis of gene malfunction. The traditional healthcare system is at the doorstep for entering into the arena of molecular medicine. There are several techniques for carrying out gene therapy. Gene therapy for the treatment of genetic disorders. The pros and cons of gene therapy have scientists, religious figures, and even common man divided on its rationality. In theory, this approach should be highly effective in the fight against genetic and hereditary diseases. To explore the challenges presented by gene therapies, discuss. There is no cure for genetic disorders unless defective cells are replaced by proper ones which is what gene therapy does. Mar 24, 2020 this is a positive aspect of gene therapy, considering the alternatives which give no true healing of this deadly virus. Gene therapy though provides means of treating diseases but still this therapy is not very common because it has some limitations. People must always try to be responsible with their new technology, but gene therapy.
Some swear by its therapeutic potential, whereas some view gene therapy as violating gods powers. On a bigger scale, the disease could possibly be wiped out completely. Thus there are also quite a number of ethical issues about gene therapy which raises many questions and discussions on how it should be used. Current status and future perspectives najmul hasan.
Even if gene therapy becomes an accepted form of treatment for the diseases that affect humanity, the cost of administering them could create socioeconomic classes that are based on wealth and health. You recently published a fullpage report of a californian symposium on germline gene therapy. Advantages and disadvantages of gene therapy lorecentral. Genetic therapy works at the elementary level of heredity to. Gene therapy potential, pros, cons and ethics cogprints. Retrovirus adenovirus adenoassociated virus aav nonviral vectors in vivo vs ex vivo gene therapy. Gene therapy holds a lot of promise in the field of medicine. The concept of gene therapy seems straightforward, but this is clearly an oversimplification, and numerous problems and risks exist that prevent gene therapy using viral vectors. Pdf gene therapy for stargardt disease associated with. Is the replacing of a cells none working gene with a working gene gene therapy can enhance human abilities.
The best outcome of human gene therapy for cancer would be a single treatment that would correct enough cells to provide a permanent cure for the patients cancer. The cftr gene, mutations of which result in cf, was discovered in 1989. Learn how gene therapy is used to treat disease, the history of the treatment and its trials, as well as the pros and cons associated with this controversial new technique. Gene therapy see lecture objectives on web read pages 3127 chapter in text. Gene therapy is a medical technique which utilizes specific, normalized genes to replace the genes that are abnormal or not present in an affected individual. The pros and cons of gene therapy essay medical, genetics. Modern genetics and genomics require ways for in situ modification of genes, by means of point.
Gene therapy is a technique aimed at treating genetic disorders by introducing the correct form of the defective gene. The pros and cons of gene therapy essay what is gene therapy and what is it used for. Gene therapy is a relatively new process in the medical world that involves replacing. This is a significant factor especially when it comes to research. The pros and cons of gene therapy gene therapy is a very controversial topic that has been discussed in the last five years and is being heavily studied to help cure cancer. The cons of the gene therapy for hiv relates to the vector. I became aware of the articles when a writer for thescientist blog called for my reaction to the editorial by james wilson, because i had represented the gelsinger family after the death of their son in the experiment sponsored by dr. This is used to treat diseases caused by a mutation that stops a gene from producing a functioning product, such as a protein. Modified genes, as a cure, are packaged with a harmless virus, called the vector, and inserted into the body during the process of gene therapy for hiv. Side effects critics doubt the effectiveness of gene therapy because of the possible negative impact of using this technique.
Gene therapy introduces a normal, functional copy of a gene into a cell in which that gene is defective. To stop its development and forfeit the benefits gene therapy could offer would be a far greater mistake than forging ahead could ever be. They now have two approaches to work withintravitreal and subretinaleach with its own pros and cons. The disadvantage of gene therapy is that, like any other medical procedure, it may not work. Here are some additional pros and cons of gene therapy. We also provide a brief overview of current clinical activity, highlight the main lessons learned from landmark gene therapy trials, and conclude by discussing the challenges facing the field as. How will the field of gene therapy survive its success. Gene therapy is the insertion of new functional genes into an individuals cell or tissue to replace the defective one and modify a hereditary disease. Gene therapy and its effect on cancer the era of scientific advancement in the twentieth century has encouraged several scientific fields to merge into a new, futuristic science called biotechnology. The ethics that surround the issue of gene therapy are very overwhelming.
The first gene therapy approved, however, was in the european union in 2012. Correcting genetic defects in a fetus before birth could allow many children to be born that otherwise would never have survived, and many to. To date, more than 20 clinical trials have been conducted with a variety of viral and nonviral gene. Gene therapy is a useful technique to treat t1d as it can be applied from many different angles. The enormous knowledge and ongoing research have now been able to. The pros to gene therapy are that it solves the problem instead of covering up the issue, a common way that medical drugs do instead of providing a cure. The pros and cons of gene therapy show that some of these issues could. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis proceedings of the. Aug 19, 2015 4 chief pros and cons of gene therapy aug 19, 2015 aug 11, 2015 by green garage as we all know, gene therapy is a kind of treatment which involves modifying the genes in body cells in order to stop disease.
The challenges for gene therapies in the us health care system. The goal of gene therapy is to correct a disorder caused by missing or abnormal genes. At this time, the diseases and disorders which are present in this population will take the life of the child before there is an opportunity to correct the condition. The aim of gene therapy is to repair a genetic disorder or acquired disease. Gene therapy on germline cells generates a lot of controversies because any changes become heritable since progeny receive the manipulated dna. Gene therapy is defined as the treatment of disease by transfer of genetic material into cells. Gene technology pros and cons by layella jones on prezi.
1500 675 1026 1460 696 974 706 672 1315 72 395 1238 1179 1374 978 1186 977 1299 215 178 1500 1403 797 1454 1311 152 1046 1093 656 1065 843 21 141 1418